{"id":19808,"date":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2003-08-31T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/15.134.89.131\/archive\/2003\/09\/01\/%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e4%b8%8e%e4%bf%a1%e4%bb%b0\/"},"modified":"2003-09-01T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2003-08-31T16:00:00","slug":"%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7%e4%b8%8e%e4%bf%a1%e4%bb%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/15.134.89.131\/archive\/?p=19808","title":{"rendered":"\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"color: #666; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 15px;\">\ud83d\udc49 <strong>\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>\u51af\u8fbe\u6587<\/p>\n<hr style=\"border: 0; border-top: 1px dashed #ddd; margin-bottom: 20px;\" \/>\n\uff08\u4e00\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u800c\u5e38\u65b0\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002[1]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u5f80\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e5f\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u7406\u6027\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u5982\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u6709\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u5f20\u626c\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8e0f\u5165\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6210\u679c\u5374\u88ab\u795e\u5b66\u6240\u6d88\u5316\u4e14\u6210\u4e3a\u8bba\u8bc1\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002[5]\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u964d\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u88ab\u63a8\u5230\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u906d\u5230\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u88ab\u5ba3\u5e03\u201c\u6b7b\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u4e86\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4ea6\u8fd1\u6b64\u3002\u897f\u5468\u4ee5\u5f80\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u5ff5\u7b3c\u7f69\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u3002\u964d\u53ca\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u9a84\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f46\u8e0f\u5165\u6c49\u5510\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u9053\u6559\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u652f\u914d\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u4ee5\u6b64\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5b8b\u660e\u4e4b\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u5df2\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u60f3\u4f9d\u7136\u53d6\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002[6]\u5ef6\u53ca\u8fd1\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u624d\u88ab\u5ba3\u544a\u201c\u7834\u4ea7\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u771f\u7684\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u6210\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u60c5\u51b5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53ea\u8981\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e89\u7aef\u4e43\u81f3\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u94f8\u9020\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u9b42\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u9b42\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0a\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u539f\u5148\u4ea7\u751f\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u3001\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u5728\u6446\u8131\u90a3\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u3001\u4e2a\u522b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u62d8\u9650\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5374\u66f4\u4e14\u83b7\u5f97\u666e\u904d\u3001\u6052\u4e45\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u539f\u5148\u4ea7\u751f\u5b83\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u3001\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5b83\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u7fa4\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u591a\u5927\u6210\u5206\u662f\u9760\u7406\u6027\u53bb\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u8d77\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u201c\u7406\u55bb\u201d\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u521b\u53d1\u8005\u3002\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3001\u8bf8\u79cd\u4f5b\u5178\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6216\u201c\u7406\u201d\u8bba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1b\u63d0\u4f9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6216\u201c\u7406\u201d\u8bba\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6216\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u603b\u8981\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\uff1b\u7f14\u9020\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u6b21\u5ba3\u5e03\u88ab\u6253\u5012\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8d62\u5f97\u656c\u5d07\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5e76\u672a\u6d88\u5931\uff01<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u6027\u8fd8\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u6253\u5012\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6467\u6bc1\u7406\u6027\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0e\u754c\u5b9a\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1f\u53c8\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u4e0e\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8bb2\u6c42\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u610f\u56fe\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u5b66\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e0e\u6f14\u7ece\u6c42\u53d6\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002[7]\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\uff1b\u501f\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\u6c42\u53d6\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u548c\u7531\u4e4b\u6c42\u53d6\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e3a\u5f52\u7eb3\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6750\u6599\u4e88\u4ee5\u7efc\u5408\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6c42\u5f97\u65b0\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u6f14\u7ece\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u7ed3\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e8e\u524d\u63d0\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002[8]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6c42\u53d6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u6240\u8c13\u5ba2\u89c2\u5916\u754c\u3002\u5ba2\u89c2\u5916\u754c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u4e2a\u522b\u6027\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3001\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u611f\u3001\u89c4\u5f8b\u611f\uff08\u5982\u56e0\u679c\u5f8b\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u3001\u52a0\u4e8e\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u662f\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u672a\u8fbe\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4ee5\u6982\u7387\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6c42\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u5982\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e00\u4e07\u6735\u73ab\u7470\u82b1\u662f\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e4b\u5f15\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u89c4\u5f8b\u201c\u51e1\u73ab\u7470\u82b1\u90fd\u662f\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f52\u7eb3\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u5373\u501f\u6b64\u63d0\u53d6\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7a0b\u5e8f\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5219\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4f9d\u6982\u7387\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5982\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3001\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u673a\u68b0\u591a\u6570\u4e3a\u8a00\u3002\u5f53\u4eca\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5747\u7531\u4e4b\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u5355\u79f0\u9648\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u5168\u79f0\u5224\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5f97\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u5168\u79f0\u5224\u5b9a\u4e4b\u4f4d\u683c\uff1b\u5c3d\u7ba1\u501f\u5f52\u7eb3\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5b83\u5177\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e16\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ee3\u90fd\u9760\u5403\u5927\u7c73\u996d\u5145\u9965\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u4f5c\u51fa\u201c\u51e1\u5927\u7c73\u996d\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u6bd2\u7684\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u7edd\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u7c73\u996d\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5403\u8fc7\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u201c\u51e1\u5927\u7c73\u996d\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u6bd2\u7684\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u51c6\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u987f\u996d\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u6562\u4e0b\u54bd\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u53c8\u8b6c\u5982\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4e24\u8db3\u8d70\u8def\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u51fa\u201c\u4eba\u662f\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4e24\u8db3\u52a8\u7269\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u79f0\u5224\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11\u5e7c\u513f\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4e24\u8db3\u8d70\u8def\uff0c\u767d\u75f4\u5373\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u667a\u6167\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u8981\u4ee5\u201c\u4eba\u662f\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4e24\u8db3\u52a8\u7269\u201d\u4e3a\u786e\u5f53\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6559\u5e7c\u513f\u5b66\u8d70\u8def\u3001\u8ba9\u5c0f\u5b69\u8fdb\u5b66\u6821\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5355\u79f0\u9648\u8ff0\u3001\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5f52\u7eb3\u8ba4\u51c6\u4e3a\u6216\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u5168\u79f0\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u5f52\u7eb3\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8ba4\u51c6\u4e3a\u6216\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u9884\u8bbe\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53eb\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5728\u6c42\u5176\u4e3a\u5fc5\u771f\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u6c42\u5176\u4e14\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u6784\u8d77\u79cd\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u4e3a\u7269\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u4e4b\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u5219\u662f\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5185\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u4f8b\u91ca\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6fb3\u95e8\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u8c08\u8bba\u5230\u4e00\u672c\u9ec4\u8272\u7684\u520a\u7269\u8be5\u4e0d\u8be5\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u62bd\u6837\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u4f9d\u62bd\u6837\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516d\u5341\u3001\u4e03\u5341\u7684\u4eba\u5e38\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8be5\u520a\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u6b64\u6301\u5f3a\u70c8\u6279\u8bc4\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51fa\u7248\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u520a\u7269\u662f\u4e0d\u987e\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5bf9\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u522b\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u53d6\u7684\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u501f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u5f52\u7eb3\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u5b9a\uff1b\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e26\u4eba\u6587\u503e\u5411\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5374\u66f4\u5173\u5207\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u60f3\u6216\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u5b81\u53ef\u628a\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8d4b\u4e88\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u3001\u666e\u904d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff08\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff09\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u6240\u53d6\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u65e2\u4ee5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u9a8c\u6027\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u5148\u9a8c\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6307\u7684\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u4f53\u610f\u5ff5\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\u800c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b8c\u5168\u7edd\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002[17]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u81f3\u4e8e\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d6\u4eba\u683c\u795e\u7684\u3001\u5916\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d6\u5fc3\u7075\u5883\u754c\u7684\u3001\u5185\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u906d\u9645\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5361\u897f\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u795e\u8bdd\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002[18]\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e5f\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u5c31\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6bb7\u5546\u897f\u5468\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u5bf9\u201c\u5e1d\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5929\u201d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u201c\u5e1d\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5929\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e07\u80fd\u7684\u9020\u7269\u8005\u5373\u5177\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u964d\u53ca\u6c49\u5510\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u201d\u7684\u521b\u9020\u4f5c\u7528\u867d\u5df2\u88ab\u529f\u80fd\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u6d88\u89e3\u3002[19]\u5ef6\u81f3\u5b8b\u660e\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u754c\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d7\u5230\u5bb0\u5272\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u800c\u88ab\u5185\u5316\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4fe1\u4ef0\u91c7\u53d6\u4f55\u91cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u786e\u8ba4\u7740\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9664\u4e86\u6d89\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u7531\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u4f53\u8ba4\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2a\u6211\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6c42\u5f97\u89e3\u51b3\uff1b\u4eba\u603b\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e0d\u62d8\u9650\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u8089\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u603b\u5728\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u6240\u8d85\u8d8a\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u5148\u9a8c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002[20]\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u7ed3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4ea6\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002[21]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\uff08\u56db\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u4eec\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u683c\u795e\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u5deb\u672f\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u7c97\u4fd7\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8ddf\u968f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u76f8\u7684\u53d8\u5e7b\u800c\u6f02\u6cca\u3002\u5fc3\u7075\u6df1\u5904\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u6839\u67e2\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0d\u8d77\u81ea\u6211\u3002[22]\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u90fd\u662f\u6781\u5176\u73b0\u4e16\u3001\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u65e0\u6240\u754f\u60e7\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6a2a\u51b2\u76f4\u649e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u77e5\u826f\u77e5\u4e3a\u4f55\u7269\uff1b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u5fd9\u5fd9\u788c\u788c\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4e16\u95f4\u5dc5\u53bb\u5012\u6765\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5f52\u5bbf\u3002\u6b64\u8bda\u5982\u5e84\u5b50\u6240\u53f9\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u53d7\u5176\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fd8\u4ee5\u5f85\u5c3d\u3002\u4e0e\u7269\u76f8<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u76f8\u9761\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u5c3d\u5982\u9a70\uff0c\u800c\u83ab\u4e4b\u80fd\u6b62\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea6\u60b2\u547c\uff01\u201d[23]\u5931\u53bb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e3a\u53ef\u60b2\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bda\u4e3a\u53ef\u6015\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u552f\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u5916\u5728\u7684\u3001\u516c\u5171\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6240\u7ef4\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u7f51\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7e41\u5bc6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b64\u6b63\u5982\u8001\u5b50\u65e9\u5df2\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6ecb\u5f70\uff0c\u76d7\u8d3c\u591a\u6709\u3002\u201d[24]\u6cd5\u7f51\u8d8a\u7e41\u5bc6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u624b\u6bb5\u4f5c\u6848\u7684\u82b1\u6837\u8d8a\u65b0\u5947\uff0c\u624b\u6bb5\u8d8a\u51f6\u6b8b\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6cd5\u7f51\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5f20\u53ea\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5982\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u975e\u5f62\u5f0f\u8c03\u8282\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5316\u503e\u5411\u201d\u3002[25]\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9886\u57df\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u9760\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5e84\u4e25\u6027\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5f53\u7740\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u5728\u8bf8\u5982\u7236\u6bcd\u5b50\u5973\u592b\u5987\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u5168\u7136\u5730\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u7684\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e88\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c31\u5c06\u4e27\u5931\u6b86\u5c3d\uff0c\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u5730\u5de5\u5177\u5316\u4e0e\u529f\u5229\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8e\u5176\u95f4\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u5316\u4e0e\u529f\u5229\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u8d70\u7684\u592a\u8fdc\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u70b9\u71c3\u8d77\u786e\u7acb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u547c\u5524\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5fc5\u987b\u7533\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u968f\u610f\u9009\u62e9\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u628a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7edd\u5bf9\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8bda\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u56fa\u975e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7406\u6027\u6240\u80fd\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5374\u4ea6\u975e\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7406\u6027\u5168\u7136\u65e0\u5173\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9996\u5148\u662f\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4ecd\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u786e\u8ba4\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7406\u6027\u800c\u786e\u7acb\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5176\u6b21\u662f\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f1a\u968f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9053\u6559\u5c31\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5916\u4e39\u9053\u5411\u5185\u4e39\u9053\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u4e39\u9053\u4e4b\u5168\u771f\u6559\u6d3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u9053\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c31\u7531\u5177\u5b9e\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u795e\u4ed9\u8ffd\u6c42\u8f6c\u5411\u66f4\u91cd\u5185\u5728\u5fc3\u6027\u4fee\u517b\u5e76\u542b\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u5219\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7531\u7a7a\u5b97\u5411\u6709\u5b97\uff0c\u7531\u552f\u8bc6\u5b66\u5411\u5982\u6765\u85cf\u5b66\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u5982\u6765\u85cf\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e5f\u7531\u5bf9\u5f7c\u5cb8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u8f6c\u5411\u66f4\u91cd\u4e2a\u4f53\u5fc3\u5883\u6e05\u51c0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7a7a\u7075\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5177\u5386\u53f2\u6027\uff0c\u53d7\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5177\u5386\u53f2\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f5c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f5c\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002[26]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6027\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\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\/>\n\u3000\u3000[1] \u5c31\u8fd1\u671f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u91d1\u6625\u5cf0\u5144\u4e8e1997\u5e74\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e1c\u5927\u56fe\u4e66\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u8bba\u96c6\u5373\u4ee5\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u300b\u4e3a\u9898\uff1b\u53c8\uff0c\u6768\u6167\u6797\u4e8e1999\u5e74\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u4ea6\u4ee5\u300a\u8ffd\u95ee\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8fa9\u96be\u300b\u4e3a\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea6\u201c\u53e4\u8001\u800c\u5e38\u65b0\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[2] 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\u5173\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91\u6f14\u7ece\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u66fe\u6709\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ec5\u501f\u53d6\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5bf9\u201c\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u201d\u7684\u533a\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5206\u6790\u5224\u65ad\u5728\u8c13\u9879\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u5230\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u9879\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u91cc\u9762\u60f3\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u539f\u8457\u9009\u8bfb\u300b\u4e0b\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c250\u9875\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1985\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[9]\u53c2\u9605\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u539f\u8457\u9009\u8bfb\u300b\u4e0a\u5377\uff0c\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u89c1\u8be5\u4e66\u7b2c526-531\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[10] 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\/>\n\u3000\u3000\u53c8\uff0c\u543e\u4e4b\u9752\u5e74\u670b\u53cb\u5f20\u5fd7\u6797\u541b\u65b0\u8457\u300a\u56e0\u679c\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4f11\u8c1f\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u5c06\u201c\u4f11\u8c1f\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u201c\u5f52\u7eb3\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u72ec\u5230\u7684\u7cbe\u5f53\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4e88\u53c2\u7167\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u7531\u6e56\u5357\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e8e1998\u5e746\u6708\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[13]\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u539f\u8457\u9009\u8bfb\u300b\u4e0b\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c249-269\u9875\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000[14]\u7f57\u7d20\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u300b\u4e0b\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c211\u9875\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000[15]\u53c2\u89c1\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u300a\u53d1\u751f\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bba\u539f\u7406\u300b\u82f1\u8bd1\u672c\u201c\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b66W\u2022\u6885\u65af\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u89c1\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7b2c9\u9875\uff0c\u738b\u5baa\u94a2\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1981\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000[16]\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4ece\u5355\u79f0\u9648\u8ff0\uff08\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u591a\u5c11\uff09\u4e2d\u63a8\u8bba\u4e0a\u5168\u79f0\u9648\u8ff0\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u53ea\u767d\u5929\u9e45\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u6240\u4ee5\u5929\u9e45\u90fd\u662f\u767d\u7684\u3002\u201d\uff08\u89c1K.R.<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000\u6ce2\u73c0\uff1a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7b2c1\u9875\uff0c\u67e5\u6c5d\u5f3a\u3001\u90b1\u4ec1\u5b97\u8bd1\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1986\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[17]\u201c\u5148\u9a8c\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\uff08\u5148\u9a8c\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bcd\u5728\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5bf9\u7269\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6307\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5bf9\u8ba4\u8bc6\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u539f\u8457\u9009\u8bfb\u300b\u4e0b\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c275\u9875\uff09\u6211\u6b64\u5904\u6709\u53d6\u4e8e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[18]\u53c2\u89c1\u5361\u897f\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c96\u9875\u3002<br \/>\n\u3000\u3000[19]\u8463\u4ef2\u8212\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ec1\u4e4b\u7f8e\u8005\u5728\u4e8e\u5929\u3002\u5929\uff0c\u4ec1\u4e5f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732\u2022\u738b\u9053\u4e09\u901a\u300b\u3002\u6b64\u4e2d\u4e4b\u201c\u5929\u201d\u5373\u5c5e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5176\u8c13\u201c\u5929\u8005\uff0c\u767e\u795e\u4e4b\u5927\u5c45\u4e5f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732\u2022\u6548\u796d\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5219\u6b64\u201c\u5929\u201d\u53c8\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u201c\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\u201d\u610f\u4e49\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000[20]\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u8c13\uff1a\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u6539\u9020\u81ea\u7136\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u4ea6\u660e\u6709\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e4b\u7f3a\u61be\u3002\u6b64\u5373\u4e3a\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5185\u5728\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u4e4b\u539f\u4e4b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3a\u82e6\u75db\u70e6\u607c\u4e4b\u751f\u751f\u4e0d\u7edd\u4e4b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u4e4b\u6709\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u4e4b\u65e0\u9650\u6027\u4e4b\u5bf9\u53cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3a\u6b7b\u4e4b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ca\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6240\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e4b\u751f\u547d\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5fb7\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u7b49\u4e4b\u4fdd\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3a\u6c42\u4eba\u4e4b\u5584\u6076\u4e0e\u798f\u62a5\u4e4b\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u76f8\u5f53\u4e4b\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e4b\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e4b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f02\u7c7b\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6052\u76f8\u5bf9\u53cd\u800c\u76f8\u6bc1\uff0c\u5176\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4e4b\u8d85\u8d8a\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e4b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ea6\u7686\u672c\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e4b\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u800c\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u751f\uff0c\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u5b97\u6559\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e43\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u4e4b\u6839\u800c\u751f\u3002\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6587\u7cbe\u795e\u4e4b\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u7b2c<br 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